What is Folliculitis?
It is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become inflamed or infected. Folliculitis is not contagious and will often resolve independently within a week or two with at-home treatment. Skin can feel irritated and itchy during the infection.
There are a variety of types of folliculitis that can look different, but the core idea is the same: a hair follicle has become infected.
Folliculitis is divided into either deep or superficial infections and then also categorized based on the type of infection that has caused the inflammation.
What Folliculitis Looks Like
The condition can present differently based on the type and severity. It can show as small red bumps that look like acne, or it can be a small white, pus-filled bump. If the infection is severe, it can swell up and look more like a boil.
When To See A Dermatologist For Folliculitis
Mild cases usually clear up on their own within about two weeks. If your symptoms don’t go away, worsen, or are too uncomfortable, booking an appointment with a dermatologist is recommended. Home treatments for folliculitis include applying a warm, wet compress to the affected area for relief and using medicated shampoos for the scalp or beard.
If you see a dermatologist, they may prescribe a treatment plan to help control your folliculitis, avoid scarring, and determine the cause of your symptoms so you can prevent recurrence. In some cases, minor surgery or laser hair removal can treat folliculitis.
What Causes Folliculitis
Folliculitis occurs when hair follicles become damaged or clogged, allowing bacteria, fungi, or yeast to infect the area. Folliculitis is not contagious and cannot be spread to another person. Everyday activities and common habits can trigger or worsen the condition, making it important to understand the potential causes.
1. Shaving or Waxing
Friction and irritation from shaving, waxing, or other hair removal methods can damage the hair follicles, leading to inflammation. Razor burn or ingrown hairs often create an ideal environment for folliculitis.
2. Tight Clothing or Friction
Wearing tight clothing or anything that rubs against your skin—like athletic gear—can trap heat and moisture, irritating the follicles and increasing the risk of infection.
3. Sweat and Poor Hygiene
Sweat that isn’t cleaned off the skin can clog hair follicles and promote bacterial growth. This is especially common in areas like the neck, back, and thighs.
4. Bacterial or Fungal Infections
The most common culprit behind folliculitis is Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that naturally lives on the skin. Sometimes, fungal infections or yeast overgrowth can also cause similar inflammation, especially in warm, moist conditions.
5. Hot Tubs or Pools
Using poorly maintained hot tubs or pools can expose your skin to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium that causes “hot tub folliculitis.”
6. Compromised Immune System
People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to folliculitis because their bodies struggle to fend off bacteria, fungi, or yeast. Conditions like diabetes or autoimmune disorders can make folliculitis more likely or harder to treat.
7. Overuse of Oily Products
Heavy or oily skin products can clog pores and trap bacteria, particularly on the face, chest, or back. These clogged follicles are more likely to become inflamed or infected.
When Folliculitis Might Be Something More Serious
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease that is often confused with folliculitis because they look quite similar. HS tends to develop where skin rubs together, such as the armpits, groin, buttocks, or under the breasts, but can form anywhere there are hair follicles. Bumps from HS tend to form underneath the skin and are hard and painful to touch. They may also recur, spread, and rupture, draining a foul-smelling fluid. Over time, they will progress, become larger, and more painful. If you think you might have HS, it’s important to get a referral to a dermatologist quickly. Early intervention can make all the difference. Learn more about HS.
Boils or Carbuncles
Folliculitis can sometimes escalate into deeper infections like boils (furuncles) or carbuncles, which are clusters of boils. These are larger, more painful, and may require medical drainage.
Cellulitis
If folliculitis isn’t treated or spreads, it can develop into cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection that affects deeper tissues. Cellulitis often causes redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area and may require antibiotics.
Fungal or Yeast Infections
Folliculitis caused by fungi like Malassezia or yeast can mimic bacterial folliculitis but may not respond to standard treatments. Chronic or widespread fungal folliculitis may need antifungal therapy.
Impetigo
In some cases, folliculitis can overlap with impetigo, a contagious bacterial infection that forms crusty sores and spreads easily, particularly in children.
A dermatologist can help you find relief
If your symptoms are more than just a rash or persist longer than a week, visit a clinic, or your family doctor, who may refer you to a dermatologist.
Why is it important to see a dermatologist?
A dermatologist can properly diagnose your condition and provide appropriate treatment to prevent complications.
If you’re in Barrie, Ontario, or the surrounding area, ask your doctor for a referral to SimcoDerm Medical & Surgical Dermatology Centre. Led by the renowned Dr. Alam, our clinic specializes in diagnosing and treating medical skin conditions like folliculitis with precision and care.
Known for our efficiency, accuracy, and exceptional quality, we are committed to delivering the best skin care services in the Simcoe region and beyond.
Experience dermatological care that puts your health first—schedule an appointment with your doctor or visit a clinic today to get a referral to see us!
